Diabetic diet principles

Diabetic nephropathy is particularly common and troublesome complication of diabetes. In other words, diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, and is the main cause of end-stage renal disease.
Diabetic nephropathy is a major microvascular complications of diabetes, mainly referring to diabetic glomerulosclerosis, a kind of blood vessel damage to the main glomerular lesions. Early asymptomatic, blood pressure may be normal or high.
With the incidence of diabetes and increased duration of the extension. Early diabetic kidney volume increases, increased glomerular filtration rate, showed a high filtration state, then gradually appear gap proteinuria or microalbuminuria, with the extension of the course persistent proteinuria, edema, hypertension, renal glomerular filtration rate is reduced, thereby renal insufficiency, uremia, is one of the leading causes of death from diabetes.
Diabetic nephropathy and diabetes also stressed the ordinary diet. However, it should be noted that: Diabetic nephropathy after, especially into the stage of diabetic nephropathy after renal insufficiency, renal protection has become the central issue.
Of course, eating arrangements should also be considered to minimize the burden on the kidneys. Therefore, for kidney disease dietary requirements should follow the following principles: high quality low-protein diet can increase protein intake too much burden on the kidneys, so to control the total amount of protein intake.
Protein is an important nutrient, the body can not do without, especially the essential amino acids that the body can not synthesize their own foreign intake must therefore contain more high-quality protein essential amino acids should be guaranteed.
Trace protein high daily protein intake 1.2g / standard weight; patients with elevated serum creatinine controlled daily protein 0.8g / standard weight.
Specific implementation: vegetable protein (containing less essential amino acids, are inferior protein) intake should be minimized. Creatinine elevated fasting soy products should generally be appropriate to limit the staple food (flour, rice also contains a certain amount of vegetable protein).
Milk, eggs, fish, lean meat and other animal protein (including essential amino acids, are of high quality protein), may be appropriate to eat. Especially in the milk, egg protein is appropriate. Adequate calorie low-fat diet supplemented with diabetic nephropathy should supply enough heat to avoid burning due to insufficient protein supply heat energy.
Calorie fats can provide more, but because of kidney failure can promote progress, so still requires low-fat diet, control fat intake, inedible animal fat and high cholesterol foods. More than 60% of total carbohydrate calories.
Specific implementation: diet with yam, taro and other starchy foods that are high, reducing the staple food intake. May be appropriate to eat noodles, vermicelli, noodles, etc., but should pay attention to cut food. More so-called wheat starch (note different from ordinary flour), big cities many supermarkets for sale, almost no protein.
With this wheat starch, with mashed potatoes, sweet potato noodles, yam powder, steamed buns, rolls, buns, etc., can add calories, protein intake without increasing the plant, will not increase the burden on the kidneys, the most suitable for diabetic nephropathy uremic of patients with eating disorders.
Calcium phosphorus diet diabetic nephropathy renal insufficiency, electrolyte imbalance is common in low calcium high phosphorus, parathyroid low calcium high phosphorus caused by the "righting a wrong imbalances" also accelerate the progress of renal failure, so the diet should pay attention to calcium phosphorus . Regrettably high calcium foods higher phosphorus, such as ribs, shrimp and so on. So calcium phosphorus diet emphasizes low phosphorus diet.
Specific implementation: Should fasting animal organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, etc., eat pumpkin seeds, peanuts and other nuts. Low-salt diet diabetic nephropathy patients should limit salt intake.
Some dishes should be as tasteless, salt intake should be less than 5 grams per day in patients with heart failure or edema should be limited to two grams a day, while also limiting the intake of water. Add plenty of vitamins, trace elements. High fiber diet high fiber diet helps maintain smooth stool, toxins excreted in human metabolism to maintain balance.
Specific implementation: eat more whole grains should be appropriate (such as cornmeal, buckwheat, etc.), taro, kelp, certain fruits and vegetables. But it should be noted that: common electrolyte disorder in patients with renal failure, can be expressed as hyperkalemia and so on.
Eating fruits and vegetables should pay attention to avoid high potassium varieties, such as oranges, bananas and so on. Diabetic nephropathy Diabetic nephropathy not spicy as complications of diabetes, diet and diabetes, there are differences, because diabetic diet principles require high-quality Low protein diet.
The so-called high-quality milk protein is the best, followed by the eggs, egg proteins, and then followed by fish protein, lean protein, and vegetable protein for poor quality protein, such as soy products, daily bread, rice contains protein, should be limited so as not to increase the burden on the kidneys. Special attention not to have a stimulating effect on the kidneys to eat foods such as mustard, pepper, etc., otherwise it will aggravate the condition of the kidney.
Diabetic patients with nephropathy need to keep the total daily staple at 250 to 300 grams, vegetables you can eat. Although proteinuria, but with normal renal function, the daily protein intake best be relaxed to 80 to 100 grams is appropriate.
In addition, the diet should pay attention to calcium phosphorus, calcium is usually something often high phosphorus, such as organ meats, ribs, shrimp, bone powder and the like, is certainly high phosphorus, should not eat.